These are achieved by holding down the CONTROL
(CTRL) key and pressing the assigned key
To Select all items on a webpage use CTRL and A.
To Copy a selected item to the clipboard use CTRL and C.
To Paste an item from the clipboard into a document use CTRL and V.
To Add the current page/document to your favorites use CTRL and D.
To Open the IE search utility use CTRL and E.
To Open the FIND box to search the current document use CTRL and F.
To Open the History utility use CTRL and H.
To Open the Favorites utility use CTRL and I.
To Go to a new location/document use CTRL and L. Also CTRL
and O.
To Open a new Explorer window use CTRL and N.
To Print the current page/document use CTRL and P.
To Refresh the current page/document use CTRL and R or
use the F5 key.
To Save the current document/page use CTRL and S.
To Close the current Explorer window use CTRL and W.
These are achieved by holding down and pressing a
combination of keys
To go to your default homepage use ALT and the HOME key.
To go forward one page (equivalent to the FORWARD button) use ALT
and the right arrow key.
To go back one page (equivalent to the BACK button) use ALT and
the left arrow key.
HACK or Simply
Change XP Start Button Name
|
|
|
|
I’ve read a number of articles on
the internet about changing the text on the Start button in XP. On
more than one occasion I’ve seen references to a five (5) letter
limitation when the button is renamed. I always wondered if this
was true or just an assumption someone made because the default
‘start’ just happened to fit the button size. So, I decided to run
a test and see if there really was a five character limit.
First of all just u need to do is
download Resource hacker. |
Resource HackerTM
is a freeware utility to view, modify, rename, add, delete and
extract resources in 32bit Windows executables and resource
files (*.res). It incorporates an internal resource script
compiler and decompiler and works on Win95, Win98, WinME, WinNT,
Win2000 and WinXP operating systems.
ll its just 541Kb in the size.. Click here to go to the Download
Page
Download Resource Hacker
First Step
The first step is to make a backup copy of the file explorer.exe
located at C:\Windows\explorer. Place it in a folder somewhere
on your hard drive where it will be safe. Start Resource Hacker
and open explorer.exe located at C:\Windows\explorer.exe
The category we are going to be using is String Table In
Resource Hacker. Expand it by clicking the plus sign then
navigate down to and expand string 37 followed by highlighting
1033. If you are using the Classic Layout rather than the XP
Layout, use number 38. The right hand pane will display the
stringtable as shown in Fig. 02. We’re going to modify item 578,
currently showing the word “start” just as it displays on the
current Start button.
There is no magic here. Just double click on the word “start” so
that it’s highlighted, making sure the quotation marks are not
part of the highlight. They need to remain in place, surrounding
the new text that you’ll type. Go ahead and type your new entry
Second Step – Modify
the Registry
Now that the modified explorer.exe has been created it’s
necessary to modify the registry so the file will be recognized
when the user logs on to the system. If you don’t know how to
access the registry I’m not sure this article is for you, but
just in case it’s a temporary memory lapse, go to Start (soon to
be something else) Run and type regedit in the Open: field.
Navigate to:
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\ SOFTWARE\ Microsoft\ Windows NT\
CurrentVersion\ Winlogon
the Right pane (Fig. 05), double click the Shell entry to open
the Edit String dialog box as shown in Fig. 06. In Value data:
line, enter the name that was used to save the modified
explorer.exe file. Click OK.
Close Registry Editor and either log off the system and log back
in, or reboot the entire system if that’s your preference. If
all went as planned you should see your new Start button with
the revised text.
Hacking
Windows SEND TO MENU
|
How often do you copy
songs from a CD? Or some photos from a CD?
What do you do? You select the required files and do a CTRL –C. Open the
destination folder and do a CTRL-V. Here is something you can benefit time
from. Customize your SEND TO MENU.
This sounds simple and you can do it in less than sixty seconds.
You can create your own BASKET.
First you’ll need access to hidden files. So change your view settings to
make all hidden files visible.
Tools -> folder options -> view (tab) and select the show hidden files and
folders.
go to parent drive:/documents and settings/(user name)/send to
Open up my computer and locate your most used folders.
Create a shortcut of the most used folders in SEND TO FOLDER.You can do
this in a number of ways.
Right click -> send to desktop(create shortcut) and move the shortcut from
the desktop to the SEND TO FOLDER
Copy the most used folder and go to SEND TO FOLDER and right click ->
paste shortcut.
Also remember to rename the shortcuts to send to videos or send to potos.
We don’t need confusion when we use the same later.
5. DONE.
Improve Windows XP Shutdown Speed
|
This tweak reduces the time XP waits before automatically closing any
running programs when you give it the command to shutdown.
Go to Start then select Run
Type 'Regedit' and click ok
Find 'HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Control Panel\Desktop\'
Select 'WaitToKillAppTimeout'
Right click and select 'Modify'
Change the value to '1000'
Click 'OK'
Now select 'HungAppTimeout'
Right click and select 'Modify'
Change the value to '1000'
Click 'OK'
Now find 'HKEY_USERS\.DEFAULT\Control Panel\Desktop'
Select 'WaitToKillAppTimeout'
Right click and select 'Modify'
Change the value to '1000'
Click 'OK'
Now find 'HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Control\'
Select 'WaitToKillServiceTimeout'
Right click and select 'Modify'
Change the value to '1000'
Click 'OK'
Posted March 19, 2010 – 12:57 pm in: Computer Secutiry Tips, Computer Tips, Computer Tricks, Troubleshooting tips, Windows Vista Tips, Windows XP Tips
Once it happened to a friend of mine, when his newly bought laptop was infected with this autorun.inf virus.
This virus corrupted almost all the drives on the Hard disk, and when
ever he tried to double click on the drive or opening any drive it
opened in a new window. In some cases, when your drive is infected with
this Autorun.inf virus, you won’t be able to access the drive
completely. You have to browse the drive by Exploring it i.e; Ctrl+E
keys from the keyboard.
Sometimes ever you will not be able to see hidden files even if you
have Show hidden files Enabled under Folder Options. well, this are all
the wonders of this Autorun.inf virus.
I am going to show you this rare method of removing Autorun.inf
manually using just winrar application, not any antivirus or malware
programs.
Solution to Remove Autorun.inf Virus
Step 1: First Disable CD/DVD or USB Autorun in windows
Step 2: Open Winrar.exe (Start–>All Programs–>WinRar–>WinRar.exe)
Step 3: Now Browse to any drive that is infected with Autorun.inf virus using winrar explorer.
Step4: Here you will see all the hidden files under winrar for that particular drive.
Step 5: Look for the file Autorun.inf and open it using notepad.
Step 6: In that Autorun file, some .EXE file will be mentioned that will be executed along with the autorun file. This exe file is the main culprit.
Step 7: Note the exe file mentioned in the Autorun.inf file. Close this Autorun.inf file.
Step 8: Now look for that .Exe file in the drive (Ex: c:/), Delete that .exe file along with Autorun.inf
Step 9: Restart your Operating System. Now your system is free with Autorun.inf Virus.
Note: Repeat the same process if your Usb or Pendrives are infected with Autorun.inf virus.
If you know anyother method to remove autorun virus from windows
operating system, them kindly let me know by posting your method using
the Comments on this post.
Posted April 14, 2010 – 3:36 pm in: AllComputerTips, Computer Tips, Computer Tricks, Windows Vista Tips, Windows XP Tips
Yes, that’s right. In this post I am going to show you a simple tip
to join video of various formats like Mpeg, dat, mpg.. If you have
questions like
1. How to join various video files into one?
2. Join two video files?
3. How to Join videos taken from mobile phone?
Then, the best method to follow is shown below. You can join your
video files using just the windows Command Prompt. No need of any video
joining software’s.
Step 1: For example if you have 3 videos in your
hardrive root drive: video1.mpg, video2.mpg and video3.mpg just rename
them to a, b, and c (just the letter withoug the file extension).
Example:
ren video1.mpg a
ren video2.mpg b
ren video3.mpg c
Step 2: Open Command Prompt. Start–>Run–>type “cmd”.
Step 3: Type the location of the drive like d: or C:
Step 4: Type: Copy /b a + b + c videoname.mpg
and click enter
Step 5: Now wait till you see: 1 files<s> copied.
And type exit and press enter. Thats it.You are done!
Note: If you want to join two files then those files must have the same extension.
Alternative Method to Join multiple video files using freeware software:
What is Easy Video Joiner?
Easy Video Joiner can help you join multiple AVI, MPEG (MPG), RM
(Real Media) or WMV/ASF (Window Media) files into one large movie file.
You can add an unlimited number of video files as you like to the list
and easily rearrange their order if needed. With just a few mouse
clicks, you can enjoy your movie clips without interruption.
Key Features
1. Can join AVI files(*.avi, *.wav), MPEG-4 and DivX are supported;
2. Can join MPEG files(*.mpeg, *.mpg, *.m2p, *.m1v, *.m2v, *.mp3, *.mpga), MPEG-1 and MPEG-2 are supported;
3. Can join Real Media files(*.rm, *.ram);
4. Can join Windows Media files(*.wmv, *.asf, *.wma);
5. Not only join video files, but also join most audio files with popular format(*.mp3, *.mpga, *.rm, *.wma, *.wav);
6. Very easy to use and very fast to work.
download link
You can even use HJSplit software to join video files or any other files like mp3 too.
Description of HJSplit
HJSplit is a popular set of freeware file-splitting programs created
by Freebyte.com in collaboration with various programmers. HJSplit
supports many platforms. All versions are compatible with each other and
allow you to exchange files between these different platforms. E.g. a
file split on the Amiga can be joined on Windows 2000 and vice versa.
MAKE YOUR MENUS LOAD FASTER
|
This is one of my favorite tweaks as it makes a huge difference to how
fast your machine will 'feel'. What this tweak does is remove the slight
delay between clicking on a menu and XP displaying the menu.
Go to Start then Run
Type 'Regedit' then click 'Ok'
Find "HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Control Panel\Desktop\"
Select "MenuShowDelay"
Right click and select "Modify'
Reduce the number to around "100"
This is the delay time before a menu is opened. You can set it to "0" but
it can make windows really hard to use as menus will open if you just look
at them - well move your mouse over them anyway. I tend to go for anywhere
between 50-150 depending on my mood.
Boot Or Start Computer
Faster
|
Many computers take a lot of time to boot (or start ).This is due to many
reasons.
Some slight changes can do wonders for your system:
1. Press start->run then type msconfig and press enter.
Go to the startup tab. Here you will see a list of startup items. These
are all the programs that automatically start when you boot your PC. It is
these that slow down the boot up process.
So uncheck all the unwanted items like ms-office, messengers other
utilities that u may not need at startup). Don't uncheck your antivirus
software.
Restart your Pc to and see for yourself, your pc will now boot faster....
2. A great new feature in Microsoft Windows XP is the ability to do
a boot defragment. This places all boot files next to each other on the
disk to allow for faster booting. By default this option is enabled, but
on some systems it is not, so below is the information on how to turn it
on:
Go to Start Menu and Click Run
Type in regedit then click ok
Find "HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Dfrg\BootOpt imizeFunction"
Select "Enable" from the list on the right
Right on it and select "Modify"
Change the value to Y .
Reboot your Pc and see the change yourself.
3.SPEED UP BOOT BY DISABLING UNUSED PORTS.!!
You may have tried many tweaks like modifying windows XP start-up
applications, prefetches, unload DLLs method, etc. And yes those methods
do work for me.
I have just accidentally found out another way to give you an extra boost
in windows XP's boot performance. This is done by disabling your unused
devices in Device Manager. for example, if you don't have input devices
that are connected to one of your USB's or COM ports, disabling them will
give you an extra performance boost in booting. Go to Control Panel ->
System -> Hardware tab -> device manager Disable devices that you don't
use for your PC and then restart.
|
Simple Trick to Turn
off all system beeps
|
If you want to turn off all system beeps (like the ones that go through
your computers' internal speaker):
Start Regedit
Go to HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Control Panel\Sound
Edit the key Beep and give it a value of No
Enable/Disable Registry Editing tools
|
Copy the following code,paste in any notepad and save as "regtools.vbs"
file. Just double click it and you will get yor regedit enabled.(Be
careful to copy the code exactly as presented here including everything.
Code goes here.......
'Enable/Disable Registry Editing tools
'© Doug Knox - rev 12/06/99
Option Explicit
'Declare variables
Dim WSHShell, n, MyBox, p, t, mustboot, errnum, vers
Dim enab, disab, jobfunc, itemtype
Set WSHShell = WScript.CreateObject("WScript.Shell")
p = "HKCU\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Policies\System\"
p = p & "DisableRegistryTools"
itemtype = "REG_DWORD"
mustboot = "Log off and back on, or restart your pc to" & vbCR & "effect
the changes"
enab = "ENABLED"
disab = "DISABLED"
jobfunc = "Registry Editing Tools are now "
'This section tries to read the registry key value. If not present an
'error is generated. Normal error return should be 0 if value is
'present
t = "Confirmation"
Err.Clear
On Error Resume Next
n = WSHShell.RegRead (p)
On Error Goto 0
errnum = Err.Number
if errnum <> 0 then
'Create the registry key value for DisableRegistryTools with value 0
WSHShell.RegWrite p, 0, itemtype
End If
'If the key is present, or was created, it is toggled
'Confirmations can be disabled by commenting out
'the two MyBox lines below
If n = 0 Then
n = 1
WSHShell.RegWrite p, n, itemtype
Mybox = MsgBox(jobfunc & disab & vbCR & mustboot, 4096, t)
ElseIf n = 1 then
n = 0
WSHShell.RegWrite p, n, itemtype
Mybox = MsgBox(jobfunc & enab & vbCR & mustboot, 4096, t)
End If
|
A Complete list of DOS
Command Index
|
DOS Command Index
Information about all current DOS commands
APPEND
(External)
APPEND ;
APPEND [d:]path[;][d:]path[...]
APPEND [/X:on|off][/path:on|off] [/E]
Displays or sets the search path for data files. DOS will search the
specified path(s) if the file is not found in the current path.
ASSIGN
(External)
ASSIGN x=y [...] /sta
Redirects disk drive requests to a different drive.
ATTRIB
(External)
ATTRIB [d:][path]filename [/S]
ATTRIB [+R|-R] [+A|-A] [+S|-S] [+H|-H] [d:][path]filename [/S]
Sets or displays the read-only, archive, system, and hidden attributes of
a file or directory.
BACKUP
(External)
BACKUP d:[path][filename]
d:[/S][/M][/A][/F:(size)] [/P][/D:date] [/T:time] [/L:[path]filename]
Makes a backup copy of one or more files. (In DOS Version 6, this program
is stored on the DOS supplemental disk.)
BREAK
(Internal)
BREAK =on|off
Used from the DOS prompt or in a batch file or in the CONFIG.SYS file to
set (or display) whether or not DOS should check for a Ctrl + Break key
combination.
BUFFERS
(Internal)
BUFFERS=(number),(read-ahead number)
Used in the CONFIG.SYS file to set the number of disk buffers (number)
that will be available for use during data input. Also used to set a value
for the number of sectors to be read in advance (read-ahead) during data
input operations.
CALL
(Internal)
CALL [d:][path]batchfilename [options]
Calls another batch file and then returns to current batch file to
continue.
CHCP
(Internal)
CHCP (codepage)
Displays the current code page or changes the code page that DOS will use.
CHDIR
(Internal)
CHDIR (CD) [d:]path
CHDIR (CD)[..]
Displays working (current) directory and/or changes to a different
directory.
CHKDSK
(External)
CHKDSK [d:][path][filename] [/F][/V]
Checks a disk and provides a file and memory status report.
CHOICE
(Internal)
CHOICE [/C[:]keys] [/N][/S][/T[:]c,nn] [text]
Used to provide a prompt so that a user can make a choice while a batch
program is running.
CLS (Clear Screen)
(Internal)
CLS
Clears (erases) the screen.
COMMAND
(External)
COMMAND [d:][path] [device] [/P][/E:(size)] [/MSG][/Y [/C (command)|/K
(command)]
Starts a new version of the DOS command processor (the program that loads
the DOS Internal programs).
COMP
(External)
COMP [d:][path][filename] [d:][path][filename] [/A][/C][/D][/L][/N:(number)]
Compares two groups of files to find information that does not match. (See
FC command).
COPY
(Internal)
COPY [/Y|-Y] [/A][/B] [d:][path]filename [/A][/B] [d:][path][filename]
[/V]
or
COPY [/Y|-Y][/A][/B] [d:][path]filename+[d:][path]filename[...][d:][path][filename]
[/V]
Copies and appends files.
COUNTRY
(Internal)
COUNTRY=country code,[code page][,][d:][filename]
Used in the CONFIG.SYS file to tell DOS to use country-specific text
conventions during processing.
CTTY
(Internal)
CTTY (device)
Changes the standard I/O (Input/Output) device to an auxiliary device.
DATE
(Internal)
DATE mm-dd-yy
Displays and/or sets the system date.
DBLSPACE
(External)
DBLSPACE / automount=drives
DBLSPACE /chkdsk [/F] [d:]
DBLSPACE /compress d: [/newdrive=host:] [/reserve=size] [/F]
DBLSPACE /create d: [/newdrive=host:] [/reserve=size] [/size=size]
DBLSPACE /defragment [d:] ]/F]
DBLSPACE /delete d:
DBLSPACE /doubleguard=0|1
DBLSPACE /format d:
DBLSPACE [/info] [d:]
DBLSPACE /list
DBLSPACE /mount[=nnn] host: [/newdrive=d:]
DBLSPACE /ratio[=ratio] [d:] [/all]
DBLSPACE /size[=size] [/reserve=size] d:
DBLSPACE /uncompress d:
DBLSPACE /unmount [d:]
A program available with DOS 6.0 that allows you to compress information
on a disk.
DEBUG
(External)
DEBUG [pathname] [parameters]
An MS-DOS utility used to test and edit programs.
DEFRAG
(External)
DEFRAG [d:] [/F][/S[:]order] [/B][/skiphigh [/LCD|/BW|/GO] [/H]
DEFRAG [d:] [/V][/B][/skiphigh] [/LCD]|/BW|/GO] [/H]
Optimizes disk performance by reorganizing the files on the disk.
DEL (ERASE)
(Internal)
DEL (ERASE) [d:][path]filename [/P]
Deletes (erases) files from disk.
DELOLDOS
(External)
DELOLDOS [/B]
Deletes all files from previous versions of DOS after a 5.0 or 6.0
installation.
DELTREE
(External)
DELTREE [/Y] [d:]path [d:]path[...]
Deletes (erases) a directory including all files and subdirectories that
are in it.
DEVICE
(Internal)
DEVICE=(driver name)
Used in the CONFIG.SYS file to tell DOS which device driver to load.
DEVICEHIGH
(Internal)
DEVICEHIGH=(driver name)
Like DEVICE, DEVICEHIGH is used in the CONFIG.SYS file to tell DOS which
device driver software to use for devices; however, this option is used to
install the device driver into the upper memory area.
DIR
(Internal)
DIR [d:][path][filename] [/A:(attributes)] [/O:(order)]
[/B][/C][/CH][/L][/S][/P][/W]
Displays directory of files and directories stored on disk.
DISKCOMP
(External)
DISKCOMP [d:] [d:][/1][/8]
Compares the contents of two diskettes.
DISKCOPY
(External)
DISKCOPY [d:] [d:][/1][/V][/M]
Makes an exact copy of a diskette.
DOS
(Internal)
DOS=[high|low],[umb|noumb]
Used in the CONFIG.SYS file to specify the memory location for DOS. It is
used to load DOS into the upper memory area and to specify whether or not
the upper memory blocks will be used.
DOSKEY
(External)
DOSKEY [reinstall] [/bufsize=size][/macros][/history][/insert|/overstrike]
[macroname=[text]]
Loads the Doskey program into memory which can be used to recall DOS
commands so that you can edit them.
DOSSHELL
(External)
DOSSHELL [/B] [/G:[resolution][n]]|[/T:[resolution][n]]
Initiates the graphic shell program using the specified screen resolution.
DRIVPARM
(Internal)
DRIVPARM= /D:(number) [/C] [/F:(form factor)] [/H:(number)] [/I][ /N][/S:(number)]
[/T:(tracks)]
Used in the CONFIG.SYS file to set parameters for a disk drive.
ECHO
(Internal)
ECHO on|off
ECHO (message)
Displays messages or turns on or off the display of commands in a batch
file.
EDIT
(External)
EDIT [d:][path]filename [/B][/G][/H][/NOHI]
Starts the MS-DOS editor, a text editor used to create and edit ASCII text
files.
EMM386
(External)
EMM386 [on|off|auto] [w=on|off]
Enables or disables EMM386 expanded-memory support on a computer with an
80386 or higher processor.
EXE2BIN
(External)
EXE2BIN [d:][path]filename [d:][path]filename
Converts .EXE (executable) files to binary format.
EXIT
(Internal)
EXIT
Exits a secondary command processor.
EXPAND
(External)
EXPAND [d:][path]filename [[d:][path]filename[ . . .]]
Expands a compressed file.
FASTHELP
(External)
FASTHELP [command][command] /?
Displays a list of DOS commands with a brief explanation of each.
FASTOPEN
(External)
FASTOPEN d:[=n][/X]
Keeps track of the locations of files for fast access.
FC
(External)
FC [/A][/C][/L][/Lb n][/N][/T][/W][number] [d:][path]filename [d:][path]filename
or (for binary comparisons)
FC [/B][/number] [d:][path]filename [d:][path]filename
Displays the differences between two files or sets of files.
FCBS
(Internal)
FCBS=(number)
Used in the CONFIG.SYS file to specify the number of file-control blocks
for file sharing.
FDISK
(External)
FDISK [/status]
Prepares a fixed disk to accept DOS files for storage.
FILES
(Internal)
FILES=(number)
Used in the CONFIG.Sys file to specify the maximum number of files that
can be open at the same time.
FIND
(External)
FIND [/V][/C][/I][/N] ÒstringÓ [d:][path]filename[...]
Finds and reports the location of a specific string of text characters in
one or more files.
FOR
(Internal)
FOR %%(variable) IN (set) DO (command)
or (for interactive processing)
FOR %(variable) IN (set) DO (command)
Performs repeated execution of commands (for both batch processing and
interactive processing).
FORMAT
(External)
FORMAT d:[/1][/4][/8][/F:(size)] [/N:(sectors)] [/T:(tracks)][/B|/S][/C][/V:(label)]
[/Q][/U][/V]
Formats a disk to accept DOS files.
GOTO
(Internal)
GOTO (label)
Causes unconditional branch to the specified label.
GRAFTABL
(External)
GRAFTABL [(code page)]
GRAFTABL [status]
Loads a table of character data into memory (for use with a color/graphics
adapter).
GRAPHICS
(External)
GRAPHICS [printer type][profile] [/B][/R][/LCD][/PB:(id)] [/C][/F][/P(port)]
Provides a way to print contents of a graphics screen display.
HELP
(External)
HELP [command] [/B][/G][/H][/NOHI]
Displays information about a DOS command.
IF
(Internal)
IF [NOT] EXIST filename (command) [parameters]
IF [NOT] (string1)==(string2) (command) [parameters]
IF [NOT] ERRORLEVEL (number) (command) [parameters]
Allows for conditional operations in batch processing.
INCLUDE
(Internal)
INCLUDE= blockname
Used in the CONFIG.SYS file to allow you to use the commands from one
CONFIG.SYS block within another.
INSTALL
(Internal)
INSTALL=[d: ][\path]filename [parameters]
Used in the CONFIG.SYS file to load memory-resident programs into
conventional memory.
INTERLINK
(External)
INTERLINK [client[:]=[server][:]]
Connects two computers via parallel or serial ports so that the computers
can share disks and printer ports.
INTERSVR
(External)
INTERSVR [d:][...][/X=d:][...] [/LPT:[n|address]] [/COM:[n|address]][/baud:rate]
[/B][/V]
INTERSVR /RCOPY
Starts the Interlink server.
JOIN
(External)
JOIN d: [d:path]
JOIN d: [/D]
Allows access to the directory structure and files of a drive through a
directory on a different drive.
KEYB
(External)
KEYB [xx][,][yyy][,][d:][path]filename [/E][/ID:(number)]
Loads a program that replaces the support program for U. S. keyboards.
LABEL
(External)
LABEL [d:][volume label]
Creates or changes or deletes a volume label for a disk.
LASTDRIVE
(Internal)
LASTDRIVE=(drive letter)
Used in the CONFIG.SYS file to set the maximum number of drives that can
be accessed.
LOADFIX
(Internal)
LOADFIX [d:][path]filename [parameters]
Ensures that a program is loaded above the first 64K of conventional
memory, and runs the program.
LOADHIGH
(Internal)
LOADHIGH (LH) [d:][path]filename [parameters]
Loads memory resident application into reserved area of memory (between
640K-1M).
MEM
(External)
MEM [/program|/debug|/classify|/free|/module(name)] [/page]
Displays amount of installed and available memory, including extended,
expanded, and upper memory.
MEMMAKER
(External)
MEMMAKER [/B][/batch][/session][/swap:d] [/T][/undo][/W:size1,size2]
Starts the MemMaker program, a program that lets you optimize your
computer's memory.
MENUCOLOR
(Internal)
MENUCOLOR=textcolor,[background]
Used in the CONFIG.SYS file to set the colors that will be used by DOS to
display text on the screen.
MENUDEFAULT
(Internal)
MENUDEFAULT=blockname, [timeout]
Used in the CONFIG.SYS file to set the startup configuration that will be
used by DOS if no key is pressed within the specified timeout period.
MENUITEM
(Internal)
MENUITEM=blockname, [menutext]
Used in the CONFIG.SYS file to create a start-up menu from which you can
select a group of CONFIG.SYS commands to be processed upon reboot.
MIRROR
(External)
MIRROR [d:]path [d:] path [...]
MIRROR [d1:][d2:][...] [/T(drive)(files)] [/partn][/U][/1]
Saves disk storage information that can be used to recover accidentally
erased files.
MKDIR
(MD) (Internal)
MKDIR (MD) [d:]path
Creates a new subdirectory.
MODE
(External)
MODE n
MODE LPT#[:][n][,][m][,][P][retry]
MODE [n],m[,T]
MODE (displaytype,linetotal)
MODE COMn[:]baud[,][parity][,][databits][,][stopbits][,][retry]
MODE LPT#[:]=COMn [retry]
MODE CON[RATE=(number)][DELAY=(number)]
MODE (device) CODEPAGE PREPARE=(codepage) [d:][path]filename
MODE (device) CODEPAGE PREPARE=(codepage list) [d:][path]filename
MODE (device) CODEPAGE SELECT=(codepage)
MODE (device) CODEPAGE [/STATUS]
MODE (device) CODEPAGE REFRESH
Sets mode of operation for devices or communications.
MORE
(External)
MORE < (filename or command)
(name)|MORE
Sends output to console, one screen at a time.
MOVE
(Internal)
MOVE [/Y|/-Y] [d:][path]filename[,[d:][path]filename[...]] destination
Moves one or more files to the location you specify. Can also be used to
rename directories.
MSAV
(External)
MSAV [d:] [/S|/C][/R][/A][/L][/N][/P][/F][/video][/mouse]
MSAV /video
Scans your computer for known viruses.
MSBACKUP
(External)
MSBACKUP [setupfile] [/BW|/LCD|/MDA]
Used to backup or restore one or more files from one disk to another.
MSCDEX
(External)
MSCDEX /D:driver [/D:driver2. . .] [/E][/K][/S][/V][/L:letter] [/M:number]
Used to gain access to CD-ROM drives (new with DOS Version 6).
MSD
(External)
MSD [/B][/I]
MSD [/I] [/F[d:][path]filename [/P[d:][path]filename [/S[d:][path]filename
Provides detailed technical information about your computer.
NLSFUNC
(External)
NLSFUNC [d:][path]filename
Used to load a file with country-specific information.
NUMLOCK
(Internal)
NUMLOCK=on|off
Used in the CONFIG.SYS file to specify the state of the NumLock key.
PATH
(Internal)
PATH;
PATH [d:]path[;][d:]path[...]
Sets or displays directories that will be searched for programs not in the
current directory.
PAUSE
(Internal)
PAUSE [comment]
Suspends execution of a batch file until a key is pressed.
POWER
(External)
POWER [adv:max|reg|min]|std|off]
Used to turn power management on and off, report the status of power
management, and set levels of power conservation.
PRINT
(External)
PRINT [/B:(buffersize)] [/D:(device)] [/M:(maxtick)] [/Q:(value] [/S:(timeslice)][/U:(busytick)]
[/C][/P][/T] [d:][path][filename] [...]
Queues and prints data files.
PROMPT
(Internal)
PROMPT [prompt text] [options]
Changes the DOS command prompt.
RECOVER
(External)
RECOVER [d:][path]filename
RECOVER d:
Resolves sector problems on a file or a disk. (Beginning with DOS Version
6, RECOVER is no longer available ).
REM
(Internal)
REM [comment]
Used in batch files and in the CONFIG.SYS file to insert remarks (that
will not be acted on).
RENAME (REN)
(Internal)
RENAME (REN) [d:][path]filename [d:][path]filename
Changes the filename under which a file is stored.
REPLACE
(External)
REPLACE [d:][path]filename [d:][path] [/A][/P][/R][/S][/U][/W]
Replaces stored files with files of the same name from a different storage
location.
RESTORE
(External)
RESTORE d: [d:][path]filename [/P][/S][/B:mm-dd-yy] [/A:mm-dd-yy][/E:hh:mm:ss]
[/L:hh:mm:ss] [/M][/N][/D]
Restores to standard disk storage format files previously stored using the
BACKUP command.
RMDIR (RD)
(Internal)
RMDIR (RD) [d:]path
Removes a subdirectory.
SCANDISK
(External)
SCANDISK [d: [d: . . .]|/all][/checkonly|/autofix[/nosave]|/custom][/surface][/mono][/nosummay]
SCANDISK volume-name[/checkonly|/autofix[/nosave]|/custom][/mono][/nosummary]
SCANDISK /fragment [d:][path]filename
SCANDISK /undo [undo-d:][/mono]
Starts the Microsoft ScanDisk program which is a disk analysis and repair
tool used to check a drive for errors and correct any problems that it
finds.
SELECT
(External)
SELECT [d:] [d:][path] [country code][keyboard code]
Formats a disk and installs country-specific information and keyboard
codes (starting with DOS Version 6, this command is no longer available).
SET
(Internal)
SET (string1)=(string2)
Inserts strings into the command environment. The set values can be used
later by programs.
SETVER
(External)
SETVER [d:]:path][filename (number)][/delete][/quiet]
Displays the version table and sets the version of DOS that is reported to
programs.
SHARE
(External)
SHARE [/F:space] [/L:locks]
Installs support for file sharing and file locking.
SHELL
(Internal)
SHELL=[d:][path]filename [parameters]
Used in the CONFIG.SYS file to specify the command interpreter that DOS
should use.
SHIFT
(Internal)
SHIFT
Increases number of replaceable parameters to more than the standard ten
for use in batch files.
SORT
(External)
SORT [/R][/+n] < (filename)
SORT [/R][/+n] > (filename2)
Sorts input and sends it to the screen or to a file.
STACKS
(Internal)
STACKS=(number),(size)
Used in the CONFIG.SYS file to set the number of stack frames and the size
of each stack frame.
SUBMENU
(Internal)
SUBMENU=blockname, [menutext]
Used in the CONFIG.SYS file to create a multilevel menu from which you can
select start-up options.
SUBST
(External)
SUBST d: d:path
SUBST d: /D
Substitutes a virtual drive letter for a path designation.
SWITCHES
(Internal)
SWITCHES= [/K][/F][/N][/W]
Used in the CONFIG.SYS file to configure DOS in a special way; for
example, to tell DOS to emulate different hardware configurations.
SYS
(External)
SYS [source] d:
Transfers the operating system files to another disk.
TIME
(Internal)
TIME hh:mm[:ss][.cc][A|P]
Displays current time setting of system clock and provides a way for you
to reset the time.
TREE
(External)
TREE [d:][path] [/A][/F]
Displays directory paths and (optionally) files in each subdirectory.
TYPE
(Internal)
TYPE [d:][path]filename
Displays the contents of a file.
UNDELETE
(External)
UNDELETE [d:][path][filename] [/DT|/DS|/DOS]
UNDELETE [/list|/all|/purge[d:]|/status|/load|/U|/S[d:]|/Td:[-entries]]
Restores files deleted with the DELETE command.
UNFORMAT
(External)
UNFORMAT d: [/J][/L][/test][/partn][/P][/U]
Used to undo the effects of formatting a disk.
VER
(Internal)
VER
Displays the DOS version number.
VERIFY
(Internal)
VERIFY on|off
Turns on the verify mode; the program checks all copying operations to
assure that files are copied correctly.
VOL
(Internal)
VOL [d:]
Displays a disk's volume label.
VSAFE
(External)
VSAFE [/option[+|-]...] [/NE][/NX][Ax|/Cx] [/N][/D][/U]
VSAFE is a memory-resident program that continuously monitors your
computer for viruses and displays a warning when it finds one.
XCOPY
(External)
XCOPY [d:][path]filename [d:][path][filename] [/A][/D:(date)]
[/E][/M][/P][/S][/V][/W][Y\-Y]
Copies directories, subdirectories, and files.
Syntax Notes
To be functional, each DOS command must be entered in a particular way:
this command entry structure is known as the command's "syntax." The
syntax "notation" is a way to reproduce the command syntax in print.
For example, you can determine the items that are optional, by looking for
information that is printed inside square brackets. The notation [d:], for
example, indicates an optional drive designation. The command syntax, on
the other hand, is how YOU enter the command to make it work.
Command Syntax Elements
1. Command Name
The DOS command name is the name you enter to start the DOS program (a few
of the DOS commands can be entered using shortcut names). The DOS command
name is always entered first. In this book, the command is usually printed
in uppercase letters, but you can enter command names as either lowercase
or uppercase or a mix of both.
2. Space
Always leave a space after the command name.
3. Drive Designation
The drive designation (abbreviated in this book as "d:") is an option for
many DOS commands. However, some commands are not related to disk drives
and therefore do not require a drive designation. Whenever you enter a DOS
command that deals with disk drives and you are already working in the
drive in question, you do not have to enter the drive designator. For
example, if you are working in drive A (when the DOS prompt A> is showing
at the left side of the screen) and you want to use the DIR command to
display a directory listing of that same drive, you do not have to enter
the drive designation. If you do not enter a drive designation, DOS always
assumes you are referring to the drive you are currently working in
(sometimes called the "default" drive).
4. A Colon
When referring to a drive in a DOS command, you must always follow the
drive designator with a colon (:) (this is how DOS recognizes it as a
drive designation).
5. Pathname
A pathname (path) refers to the path you want DOS to follow in order to
act on the DOS command. As described in Chapter 3, it indicates the path
from the current directory or subdirectory to the files that are to be
acted upon.
6. Filename
A filename is the name of a file stored on disk. As described in Chapter
1, a filename can be of eight or fewer letters or other legal characters.
7. Filename Extension
A filename extension can follow the filename to further identify it. The
extension follows a period and can be of three or fewer characters. A
filename extension is not required.
8. Switches
Characters shown in a command syntax that are represented by a letter or
number and preceded by a forward slash (for example, "/P") are command
options (sometimes known as "switches"). Use of these options activate
special operations as part of a DOS command's functions.
9. Brackets
Items enclosed in square brackets are optional; in other words, the
command will work in its basic form without entering the information
contained inside the brackets.
10. Ellipses
Ellipses (...) indicate that an item in a command syntax can be repeated
as many times as needed.
11. Vertical Bar
When items are separated by a vertical bar (|), it means that you enter
one of the separated items. For example: ON | OFF means that you can enter
either ON or OFF, but not both
omplete list of run commands in windows XP
|
Run Commands In Windows XP
You can access all these programs by going through START-->RUN or
Simply Click Windows Key+R
SQL Client Configuration - cliconfg
System Configuration Editor - sysedit
System Configuration Utility - msconfig
System File Checker Utility (Scan Immediately)- sfc /scannow
System File Checker Utility (Scan Once At Next Boot)- sfc /scanonce
System File Checker Utility (Scan On Every Boot) - sfc /scanboot
System File Checker Utility (Return to Default Setting)- sfc /revert
System File Checker Utility (Purge File Cache)- sfc /purgecache
System File Checker Utility (Set Cache Size to size x)-sfc/cachesize=x
System Information - msinfo32.
Task Manager – taskmgr
System Properties - sysdm.cpl
Task Manager – taskmgr
TCP Tester - tcptest
Telnet Client - telnet
Tweak UI (if installed) - tweakui
User Account Management- nusrmgr.cpl
Utility Manager - utilman
Windows Address Book - wab
Windows Address Book Import Utility - wabmig
Windows Backup Utility (if installed)- ntbackup
Windows Explorer - explorer
Windows Firewall- firewall.cpl
Windows Magnifier- magnify
Windows Management Infrastructure - wmimgmt.msc
Windows Media Player - wmplayer
Windows Messenger - msmsgs
Windows Picture Import Wizard (need camera connected)- wiaacmgr
Windows System Security Tool – syskey
Windows Update Launches - wupdmgr
Windows Version (to show which version of windows)- winver
Windows XP Tour Wizard - tourstart
Wordpad - write
Password Properties - password.cpl
Performance Monitor - perfmon.msc
Phone and Modem Options - telephon.cpl
Phone Dialer - dialer
Pinball Game - pinball
Power Configuration - powercfg.cpl
Printers and Faxes - control printers
Printers Folder – printers
Private Character Editor - eudcedit
Quicktime (If Installed)- QuickTime.cpl
Real Player (if installed)- realplay
Regional Settings - intl.cpl
Registry Editor - regedit
Registry Editor - regedit32
Remote Access Phonebook - rasphone
Remote Desktop - mstsc
Removable Storage - ntmsmgr.msc
Removable Storage Operator Requests - ntmsoprq.msc
Resultant Set of Policy (XP Prof) - rsop.msc
Scanners and Cameras - sticpl.cpl
Scheduled Tasks - control schedtasks
Security Center - wscui.cpl
Services - services.msc
Shared Folders - fsmgmt.msc
Shuts Down Windows - shutdown
Sounds and Audio - mmsys.cpl
Spider Solitare Card Game - spider
Malicious Software Removal Tool - mrt
Microsoft Access (if installed) - access.cpl
Microsoft Chat - winchat
Microsoft Excel (if installed) - excel
Microsoft Frontpage (if installed)- frontpg
Microsoft Movie Maker - moviemk
Microsoft Paint - mspaint
Microsoft Powerpoint (if installed)- powerpnt
Microsoft Word (if installed)- winword
Microsoft Syncronization Tool - mobsync
Minesweeper Game - winmine
Mouse Properties - control mouse
Mouse Properties - main.cpl
Nero (if installed)- nero
Netmeeting - conf
Network Connections - control netconnections
Network Connections - ncpa.cpl
Network Setup Wizard - netsetup.cpl
Notepad - notepad
Nview Desktop Manager (If Installed)- nvtuicpl.cpl
Object Packager - packager
ODBC Data Source Administrator- odbccp32.cpl
On Screen Keyboard - osk
Opens AC3 Filter (If Installed) - ac3filter.cpl
Outlook Express - msimn
Paint – pbrush
Keyboard Properties - control keyboard
IP Configuration (Display Connection Configuration) - ipconfi/all
IP Configuration (Display DNS Cache Contents)- ipconfig /displaydns
IP Configuration (Delete DNS Cache Contents)- ipconfig /flushdns
IP Configuration (Release All Connections)- ipconfig /release
IP Configuration (Renew All Connections)- ipconfig /renew
IP Configuration(RefreshesDHCP&Re-RegistersDNS)-ipconfig/registerdns
IP Configuration (Display DHCP Class ID)- ipconfig/showclassid
IP Configuration (Modifies DHCP Class ID)- ipconfig /setclassid
Java Control Panel (If Installed)- jpicpl32.cpl
Java Control Panel (If Installed)- javaws
Local Security Settings - secpol.msc
Local Users and Groups - lusrmgr.msc
Logs You Out Of Windows - logoff.....
Accessibility Controls - access.cpl
Accessibility Wizard - accwiz
Add Hardware - Wizardhdwwiz.cpl
Add/Remove Programs - appwiz.cpl
Administrative Tools control - admintools
Adobe Acrobat (if installed) - acrobat
Adobe Designer (if installed)- acrodist
Adobe Distiller (if installed)- acrodist
Adobe ImageReady (if installed)- imageready
Adobe Photoshop (if installed)- photoshop
Automatic Updates - wuaucpl.cpl
Bluetooth Transfer Wizard – fsquirt
Calculator - calc
Certificate Manager - certmgr.msc
Character Map - charmap
Check Disk Utility - chkdsk
Clipboard Viewer - clipbrd
Command Prompt - cmd
Component Services - dcomcnfg
Computer Management - compmgmt.msc
Control Panel - control
Date and Time Properties - timedate.cpl
DDE Shares - ddeshare
Device Manager - devmgmt.msc
Direct X Control Panel (If Installed)- directx.cpl
Direct X Troubleshooter- dxdiag
Disk Cleanup Utility- cleanmgr
Disk Defragment- dfrg.msc
Disk Management- diskmgmt.msc
Disk Partition Manager- diskpart
Display Properties- control desktop
Display Properties- desk.cpl
Display Properties (w/Appearance Tab Preselected)- control color
Dr. Watson System Troubleshooting Utility- drwtsn32
Driver Verifier Utility- verifier
Event Viewer- eventvwr.msc
Files and Settings Transfer Tool- migwiz
File Signature Verification Tool- sigverif
Findfast- findfast.cpl
Firefox (if installed)- firefox
Folders Properties- control folders
Fonts- control fonts
Fonts Folder- fonts
Free Cell Card Game- freecell
Game Controllers- joy.cpl
Group Policy Editor (XP Prof)- gpedit.msc
Hearts Card Game- mshearts
Help and Support- helpctr
HyperTerminal- hypertrm
Iexpress Wizard- iexpress
Indexing Service- ciadv.msc
Internet Connection Wizard- icwconn1
Internet Explorer- iexplore
Internet Setup Wizard- inetwiz
Internet Properties- inetcpl.cpl
Desktop shortcut for locking your computer
Creating a desktop shortcut for locking your comp!
If you use your computer in an area where others may have access to
it, and there are things on your system you would rather have kept
confidential, locking your desktop
when you leave the computer is an essential task.
Here’s a recipe for a desktop shortcut that will lock your computer in
two easy clicks:
Right click on an empty area of the desktop and choose ‘new’ then
’shortcut.’ The create shortcut wizard will open; in the first text
box, type ‘%windir%\System32\rundll32.exe user32.dll,LockWorkStation’
and then give your shortcut an appropriate name on the next page, and
hit ‘finish.’
You will notice that the shortcut you created has a blank icon. To
select a more appropriate one, right click on the shortcut and hit
‘properties.’ In the ’shortcut’ tab, click the ‘change icon’ button.
In the ‘look for icons in this file’ box, type
‘%SystemRoot%\system32\SHELL32.dll’ then click ‘ok’ to see a range of
icons for your new shortcut. Choose an appropriate icon. Your desktop
locking shortcut is now ready for use. Test it out.
How to create one-click ‘Shutdown’ and ‘Reboot’ Shortcut?
This
is really very easy task to perform. Making “Shutdown” and
“Reboot” shortcuts on desktop is really very easy and user-friendly.
Here are the steps to create Shortcuts.
First, create a shortcut on your desktop by right-clicking on the desktop, choosing New, and then choosing Shortcut.
Create Shortcut Wizard appears. In the box asking for the location of the shortcut, type shutdown.
After you create the shortcut, double-clicking on it will shut down your PC.
But
you can do much more with a shutdown shortcut than merely shut down
your PC. You can add any combination of several switches to do extra
duty, like this:
shutdown -r -t 01 -c “Rebooting your PC”
Double-clicking
on that shortcut will reboot your PC after a one-second delay and
display the message “Rebooting your PC.” The shutdown command includes a
variety of switches you can use to customize it. Table 1-3 lists all of
them and describes their use.
I
use this technique to create two shutdown shortcuts on my desktop—one
for turning off my Windows, and one for rebooting. Here are the ones I
use:
shutdown -s -t 03 -c “Bye Bye Rajat!”
shutdown -r -t 03 -c “Ill be back Rajat  !”
Switch – What it basically do ?
-s
Shuts down the PC.
-l
Logs off the current user.
-t nn
Indicates the duration of delay, in seconds, before performing the action.
-c “messagetext”
Displays
a message in the System Shutdown window. A maximum of 127 characters
can be used. The message must be enclosed in quotation marks.
-f
Forces any running applications to shut down.
-r
Reboots the PC.
Having any problem?
You can feel free to contact me anytime via comment form or by contact page.
Always there for you ! 
How to Hide Entire Drives Partition Without Registry
If
you want to hide your entire drive partition, then you can use this
cool trick which hides entire hard disk drives by a simple procedure.
This is the best security tip to be employ against unauthorised users.
Steps:
Go to Start > Run > type “diskpart“.
Then type “list volume“
Suppose you want to hide drive E then type “select volume 3″
Now type “remove letter E“
Sometime it requires to reboot the computer.
Diskpart will remove the letter.
Note: Windows XP is not having capabilty to identify the unknown volume.
Your Data is now safe from unauthorised users.
To access the content of hidden Drive repeat the process mentioned above. But in 4th step replace ” remove” by “assign”.
It means type “assign letter E”.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
No comments:
Post a Comment